目錄一、介紹二、前提三、get的請(qǐng)求3.1 GET無(wú)參請(qǐng)求3.2 GET傳參四、post請(qǐng)求五、Requests響應(yīng)六、Request擴(kuò)充七、requests+pytest+allure7.1 流程如下7.2 模塊總覽7.3 讀取csv文件流程7.4 讀取excle文件流程一、介紹

Requests是一個(gè)很實(shí)用的Python HTTP客戶端庫(kù)，編寫(xiě)爬蟲(chóng)和測(cè)試服務(wù)器響應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)經(jīng)常會(huì)用到，Requests是Python語(yǔ)言的第三方的庫(kù)，專門(mén)用于發(fā)送HTTP請(qǐng)求

二、前提

pip install requests三、get的請(qǐng)求3.1 GET無(wú)參請(qǐng)求

r = requests.get(’http://www.baidu.com’)3.2 GET傳參

payload = {’key1’: ’value1’, ’key2’: ’value2’, ’key3’: None}r = requests.get(’http://www.baidu.com ’, params=payload)

案例：測(cè)試聚合數(shù)據(jù)

代碼

import requestsclass UseRequestClass(): #get傳參的第一種方式 def XWTTMethod(self):r = requests.get('http://v.juhe.cn/toutiao/index?type=guonei&key=4b72107de3a197b3bafd9adacf685790')print(r.text) #get傳參的第二種方式 def XWTTMethod(self):params = {'type':'guonei','key':'4b72107de3a197b3bafd9adacf685790'}r = requests.get('http://v.juhe.cn/toutiao/index',params=params)print(r.text)四、post請(qǐng)求

類似python中的表單提交

payload = {’key1’: ’value1’, ’key2’: ’value2’}r = requests.post('http://httpbin.org/post', data=payload)

案例：測(cè)試聚合數(shù)據(jù)

代碼

import requestsclass UseRequestClass(): def XWTTPostMethod(self):params = {'type':'guonei','key':'4b72107de3a197b3bafd9adacf685790'}r = requests.post('http://v.juhe.cn/toutiao/index',params=params)#print(r.status_code)return r.status_code五、Requests響應(yīng)

r.status_code響應(yīng)狀態(tài)碼r.heards 響應(yīng)頭r.cookies 響應(yīng)cookiesr.text 響應(yīng)文本r. encoding 當(dāng)前編碼r. content 以字節(jié)形式（二進(jìn)制）返回

最常用的是根據(jù)響應(yīng)狀態(tài)碼判斷接口是否連通，經(jīng)常用于做接口中斷言判斷

六、Request擴(kuò)充

1.添加等待時(shí)間requests.get(url,timeout=1) #超過(guò)等待時(shí)間則報(bào)錯(cuò)2.添加請(qǐng)求頭信息requests.get(url,headers=headers) #設(shè)置請(qǐng)求頭3.添加文件requests.post(url, files=files) #添加文件

文件傳輸

url = ’http://httpbin.org/post’files = {’file’: open(’report.xls’, ’rb’)}r = requests.post(url, files=files)七、requests+pytest+allure7.1 流程如下

讀取文件中的數(shù)據(jù)

requests拿到數(shù)據(jù)請(qǐng)求接口返回狀態(tài)碼

通過(guò)斷言驗(yàn)證返回狀態(tài)碼和200對(duì)比

生成allure的測(cè)試報(bào)告

7.2 模塊總覽

dataDemo(存放數(shù)據(jù))>> readDemo(讀取數(shù)據(jù))useRequests(發(fā)送請(qǐng)求)>>testDemo(生成報(bào)告)

7.3 讀取csv文件流程

7.3.1 存儲(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)(csv)

通過(guò)excel另存為csv即可。

7.3.2 讀取數(shù)據(jù)(readDemo)

代碼展示

import csvclass ReadCsv(): def readCsv(self):item = []rr = csv.reader(open('../dataDemo/123.csv'))for csv_i in rr: item.append(csv_i)item =item [1:]return item

7.3.3 request請(qǐng)求接口返回狀態(tài)碼

代碼展示

import requestsfrom readDataDemo.readcsv import ReadCsvr = ReadCsv()ee = r.readCsv()# print(ee)class RequestCsv(): def requestsCsv(self):item = []for csv_i in ee: if csv_i[2] =='get':rr = requests.get(csv_i[0],params=csv_i[1])item.append(rr.status_code) else:rr = requests.post(csv_i[0],data=csv_i[1])item.append(rr.status_code)return item

7.3.4 pytest斷言設(shè)置并結(jié)合allure生成測(cè)試報(bào)告

代碼展示

import pytest,os,allurefrom userequests.userequestsDemo.requestscsv import RequestCsvr = RequestCsv()ee = r.requestsCsv()print(ee)class TestClass02(): def test001(self):for code in ee: assert code == 200if __name__ == ’__main__’: pytest.main([’--alluredir’, ’report/result’, ’test_02csv.py’]) split = ’allure ’ + ’generate ’ + ’./report/result ’ + ’-o ’ + ’./report/html ’ + ’--clean’ os.system(split)

7.3.5 測(cè)試報(bào)告展示

7.4 讀取excle文件流程

7.4.1 存儲(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)(xlsx)

7.4.2 讀取數(shù)據(jù)(readDemo)

from openpyxl import load_workbookclass Readxcel(): def getTestExcel(self):# 打開(kāi)表workbook = load_workbook('G:pythonpythonProjectpytest05arequestdemoa.xlsx')# 定位表單sheet = workbook[’Sheet1’]print(sheet.max_row) # 3 行print(sheet.max_column) # 3 列test_data = [] # 把所有行的數(shù)據(jù)放到列表中for i in range(2, sheet.max_row + 1): sub_data = {} # 把每行的數(shù)據(jù)放到字典中 for j in range(1, sheet.max_column + 1):sub_data[sheet.cell(1, j).value] = sheet.cell(i, j).value test_data.append(sub_data) # 拼接每行單元格的數(shù)據(jù)return test_datat = Readxcel()f = t.getTestExcel()print(f)

7.4.3 request請(qǐng)求接口返回狀態(tài)碼

import requestsfrom requestdemo.readexcel import Readxcelclass GetStatusCode(): def getStatusCode(self):t = Readxcel()f = t.getTestExcel()item = []for excel_i in f: if excel_i['method'] == 'get':rr = requests.get(excel_i['url'], params=excel_i['params'])item.append(rr.status_code) else:rr = requests.post(excel_i['url'], data=excel_i['params'])item.append(rr.status_code)return itemprint(GetStatusCode().getStatusCode())

7.4.4 pytest斷言設(shè)置并結(jié)合allure生成測(cè)試報(bào)告

import allure, pytest, osfrom requestdemo.getStatusCode import GetStatusCodeget = GetStatusCode()statusCodes = get.getStatusCode()class TestReadExcel(): def testReadExcel(self):for code in statusCodes: assert code == 200if __name__ == '__main__': # 生成測(cè)試報(bào)告json pytest.main(['-s', '-q', ’--alluredir’, ’report/result’, ’testreadexcel.py’]) # 將測(cè)試報(bào)告轉(zhuǎn)為html格式 split = ’allure ’ + ’generate ’ + ’./report/result ’ + ’-o ’ + ’./report/html ’ + ’--clean’ os.system(split)

7.4.5：測(cè)試報(bào)告展示

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