前言：

經(jīng)過前面文章學(xué)習(xí)，我們知道 binlog 會記錄數(shù)據(jù)庫所有執(zhí)行的 DDL 和 DML 語句（除了數(shù)據(jù)查詢語句select、show等）。注意默認情況下會記錄所有庫的操作，那么如果我們有另類需求，比如說只讓某個庫記錄 binglog 或排除某個庫記錄 binlog ，是否支持此類需求呢？本篇文章我們一起來看下。

1. binlog_do_db 與 binlog_ignore_db

當數(shù)據(jù)庫實例開啟 binlog 時，我們執(zhí)行 show master status 命令，會看到有 Binlog_Do_DB 與 Binlog_Ignore_DB 選項。

mysql> show master status;+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+| binlog.000009 | 282838 | | | |+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

默認情況下，這兩個選項為空，那么這兩個參數(shù)有何作用？是否如同其字面意思一個只讓某個庫記錄 binglog 一個排除某個庫記錄 binlog 呢？筆者查閱官方文檔，簡單說明下這兩個參數(shù)的作用：

binlog_do_db：此參數(shù)表示只記錄指定數(shù)據(jù)庫的二進制日志，默認全部記錄。 binlog_ignore_db：此參數(shù)表示不記錄指定的數(shù)據(jù)庫的二進制日志。

這兩個參數(shù)為互斥關(guān)系，一般只選擇其一設(shè)置，只能在啟動命令行中或配置文件中加入。指定多個數(shù)據(jù)庫要分行寫入，舉例如下：

# 指定 db1 db2 記錄binlog[mysqld]binlog_do_db = db1binlog_do_db = db2# 不讓 db3 db4 記錄binlog[mysqld]binlog_ignore_db = db3binlog_ignore_db = db4

此外，這二者參數(shù)具體作用與否還與 binlog 格式有關(guān)系，在某些情況下 binlog 格式設(shè)置為 STATEMENT 或 ROW 會有不同的效果。在實際應(yīng)用中 binlog_ignore_db 用途更廣泛些，比如說某個庫的數(shù)據(jù)不太重要，為了減輕服務(wù)器寫入壓力，我們可能不讓該庫記錄 binlog 。網(wǎng)上也有文章說設(shè)置 binlog_ignore_db 會導(dǎo)致從庫同步錯誤，那么設(shè)置該參數(shù)到底有什么效果呢，下面我們來具體實驗下。

2. binlog_ignore_db 具體效果

首先說明下，我的測試數(shù)據(jù)庫實例是 5.7.23 社區(qū)版本，共有 testdb、logdb 兩個業(yè)務(wù)庫，我們設(shè)置 logdb 不記錄 binlog ，下面來具體實驗下：

# binlog 為 ROW 格式 # 1.不使用 use dbmysql> show master status;+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+| binlog.000011 | 154 | | logdb | |+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+mysql> select database();+------------+| database() |+------------+| NULL |+------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)mysql> CREATE TABLE testdb.`test_tb1` ( id int , name varchar(30) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec)mysql> insert into testdb.test_tb1 values (1001,’sdfde’);Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)mysql> show master status;+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+| binlog.000011 | 653 | | logdb | |+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)mysql> CREATE TABLE logdb.`log_tb1` ( id int , name varchar(30) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)mysql> insert into logdb.log_tb1 values (1001,’sdfde’);Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)mysql> show master status;+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+| binlog.000011 | 883 | | logdb | |+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+mysql> insert into logdb.log_tb1 values (1002,’sdsdfde’); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)mysql> show master status;+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+| binlog.000011 | 883 | | logdb | |+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+mysql> alter table logdb.log_tb1 add column c3 varchar(20); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.12 sec)Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0mysql> show master status;+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+| binlog.000011 | 1070 | | logdb | |+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+# 結(jié)論：其他庫記錄正常 logdb庫會記錄DDL 不記錄DML# 2.使用 use testdb跨庫mysql> use testdb;Reading table information for completion of table and column namesYou can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -ADatabase changedmysql> select database();+------------+| database() |+------------+| testdb |+------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)mysql> show master status;+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+| binlog.000011 | 1070 | | logdb | |+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)mysql> CREATE TABLE `test_tb2` ( id int , name varchar(30) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)mysql> insert into test_tb2 values (1001,’sdfde’);Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)mysql> show master status;+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+| binlog.000011 | 1574 | | logdb | |+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)mysql> CREATE TABLE logdb.`log_tb2` ( id int , name varchar(30) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)mysql> show master status;+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+| binlog.000011 | 1810 | | logdb | |+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)mysql> insert into logdb.log_tb2 values (1001,’sdfde’);Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)mysql> show master status;+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+| binlog.000011 | 1810 | | logdb | |+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)# 結(jié)論：同樣logdb庫會記錄DDL 不記錄DML # 3.使用 use logdb跨庫mysql> use logdb;Reading table information for completion of table and column namesYou can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -ADatabase changedmysql> select database();+------------+| database() |+------------+| logdb |+------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)mysql> show master status;+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+| binlog.000011 | 1810 | | logdb | |+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)mysql> CREATE TABLE testdb.`test_tb3` ( id int , name varchar(30) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.23 sec)mysql> show master status;+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+| binlog.000011 | 1810 | | logdb | |+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)mysql> insert into testdb.test_tb3 values (1001,’sdfde’);Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)mysql> show master status;+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+| binlog.000011 | 2081 | | logdb | |+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)mysql> CREATE TABLE `log_tb3` ( id int , name varchar(30) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)mysql> show master status;+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+| binlog.000011 | 2081 | | logdb | |+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)mysql> insert into log_tb3 values (1001,’sdfde’);Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)mysql> show master status;+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+| binlog.000011 | 2081 | | logdb | |+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)# 結(jié)論：logdb都不記錄 同時不記錄其他庫的DDL# 4.每次操作都進入此庫 不跨庫mysql> use testdb;Reading table information for completion of table and column namesYou can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -ADatabase changedmysql> show master status;+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+| binlog.000011 | 2081 | | logdb | |+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)mysql> CREATE TABLE `test_tb4` ( id int , name varchar(30) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)mysql> insert into test_tb4 values (1001,’sdfde’);Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)mysql> show master status;+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+| binlog.000011 | 2585 | | logdb | |+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)mysql> use logdb;Reading table information for completion of table and column namesYou can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -ADatabase changedmysql> CREATE TABLE `log_tb4` ( id int , name varchar(30) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)mysql> show master status;+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+| binlog.000011 | 2585 | | logdb | |+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)mysql> insert into log_tb4 values (1001,’sdfde’);Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)mysql> show master status;+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+| binlog.000011 | 2585 | | logdb | |+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)# 結(jié)論：其他庫全部記錄 logdb全不記錄

同樣的，將 binlog 格式設(shè)置為 STATEMENT ，再次進行測試，這里不再贅述測試過程，總結(jié)下 STATEMENT 格式下的實驗結(jié)果：

未選擇任何數(shù)據(jù)庫進行操作，所有都會記錄。 選擇testdb，對testdb和logdb分別進行操作，所有庫都會記錄。 選擇logdb，對testdb和logdb分別進行操作，所有庫都不會記錄。 選擇某個庫并只對當前庫進行操作，則記錄正常，不會記錄logdb。

看了這么多實驗數(shù)據(jù)，你是否眼花繚亂了呢，下面我們以思維導(dǎo)圖的形式總結(jié)如下：

這么看來 binlog_ignore_db 參數(shù)的效果確實和諸多因素有關(guān)，特別是有從庫的情況下，主庫要特別小心使用此參數(shù)，很容易產(chǎn)生主從同步錯誤。不過，按照嚴格標準只對當前數(shù)據(jù)庫進行操作，則不會產(chǎn)生問題。這也告訴我們要嚴格按照標準來，只賦予業(yè)務(wù)賬號某個單庫的權(quán)限，也能避免各種問題發(fā)生。

總結(jié)：

不清楚各位讀者是否對這種介紹參數(shù)的文章感興趣呢？可能這些是數(shù)據(jù)庫運維人員比較關(guān)注的吧。本篇文章主要介紹關(guān)于 binlog 的 binlog_ignore_db 參數(shù)的具體作用，可能本篇文章實驗環(huán)境還不夠考慮周全，有興趣的同學(xué)可以參考下官方文檔，有助于對該參數(shù)有更深入的了解。

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